Crying to the sound of music

On March 1, 1810, a few dozen kilometers from Warsaw, in the village of Żelazowa Wola, a boy was born to the Polish and French family, who was named Frederick. The family lived in the count’s estate. There, Chopin’s father worked as a teacher for his children. Soon, Nicolas Chopin was offered to go to work at the Warsaw Lyceum, so the family moved to the capital.

Little Frederic grew up to the sound of music – my father played the flute and violin, and my mother sang beautifully and sometimes accompanied herself on the piano. Without uttering another word, Chopin began to cry when he heard music or singing at home. Parents are upset, they believed that the child does not like music. Very soon they were convinced of the opposite, because at the age of five, Frederic was already doing fine light plays that had been learned with Ludwik’s older sister. Known in the Polish capital, a musician from the Czech Republic Wojciech Zhivny agreed to become a teacher of the boy. An experienced teacher could instill in his talented pupil a love for classical music, especially for the works of Johann Sebastian Bach.

Little virtuoso Frederic Chopin

The debut of a small pianist took place in Warsaw. Then he was barely seven years old. The first concert was successful, and the news of the young talent quickly spread through the city. Chopin’s performing talent developed so rapidly that at a young age Frederic was on par with the best Polish pianists.

Teacher Alive even refused lessons with a small virtuoso. He said that he could teach Frederic nothing. In parallel with music studies, Chopin received an excellent general education. He spoke fluently in French and German, studied the history of Poland and absorbed volumes of fiction. The young man drew well, differed sharp mind, observation and surprising mimic talent, which could guarantee him a theatrical career. But since childhood he has chosen for himself the only way – music.

Best pianist of the country

After graduating from the Lyceum, Frederic entered the music school. There, his formation continued under the guidance of an experienced teacher and composer Joseph Elsner. He quickly realized that before him was not just talent, but a real genius. He even wrote about this in a characterization given to a young performer. By this time the young man had already been recognized as the country’s best pianist. In those years, his compositional talent became mature. This is confirmed by two concerts for piano and orchestra, written in 1829-1830. Now pianists from different countries invariably include these works in their repertoire.

Then Chopin fell in love for the first time. Tender feelings he experienced for the young singer Constance Gladkovskaya from the Warsaw Conservatory. It was under the influence of this that Frederic created the song “Desire”.

Farewell to the Motherland

The young musician visited Vienna, where he gave several concerts that were successful with the public. His family understood that a virtuoso pianist can go to a real concert tour. But Chopin did not dare to take this step for a long time. Bad apprehensions prevailed over him. It seemed to the composer that he left his homeland forever. After lengthy meditations in the autumn of 1830, Frederic left Warsaw, taking with him a cup with Polish friends presented with friends.

Unfortunately, his premonitions were not deceived. Chopin parted with his native land forever. Remembering the wonderful reception that had been given him in Vienna, Frederic decided from there to begin his tour. But, despite all the trouble, the musician never managed to organize an independent concert, and the publishers did not hurry to buy his works for publication.

Suddenly, from Poland came the disturbing news. Polish patriots organized an uprising against Russian tsarism. Frederic decided to suspend his tour and return to his homeland, but his relatives insisted that he did not come to avoid persecution. Reluctantly, Chopin submitted to his family and left for Paris.

On the way to the French capital, Frederic, another news came: the insurrection was brutally suppressed, its leaders were thrown into prisons and exiled to Siberia. In Paris he came with his famous etude, which was later called “revolutionary.” There he spent the rest of his life, although France could not become a second home for the composer. In all his attachments, as well as in his work, Frederic remained a true Pole.

Hats off, before you Chopin!

At first he conquered Paris with performing arts – listeners were amazed by his unusual manner of playing the piano. Against the background of the technically perfect performing skills of other pianists, his play was surprisingly spiritual and poetic. To this day, the memories of the eminent Hungarian pianist virtuoso and composer Franz Liszt on the first Parisian concert of Chopin have reached. He wrote that the growing applause could not fully express the admiration for the talent of young Frederick.

Everyone was fascinated by Chopin, only publishers took a wait-and-see attitude. They agreed to publish his works, but only for free. Frederic was forced to give daily hours of music lessons to earn his living. This work brought him income, but took a lot of energy and so much precious time. Even being a world-famous composer, Frederic Chopin could not leave these debilitating occupations.

With thoughts of Poland

The popularity of the composer and pianist helped to expand the circle of acquaintances. His friends were Franz Liszt, the French composer Hector Berlioz, the painter Eugene Delacroix and the German poet Heinrich Heine. But no matter how interesting he was with his new comrades, he never forgot about his compatriots. For example, for the sake of a guest from his homeland, Chopin could radically change the strict order of his day and go with him on a tour of Paris. Frederic listened to the stories about Poland and the Poles for hours. And when the poet Adam Mickiewicz came to see him, the composer sat down at his instrument and played favorite works of a close friend for a long time. Only Chopin’s music helped Mickiewicz to ease the pain of separation from his homeland. Thanks to Adam, Frederic was born the first ballad. The second ballad of the musician is connected with the images of Mickiewicz’s works.

Love is poison

Meetings with friends and compatriots were very dear to the composer, because he did not have his own family. He wanted to marry Maria Vodzinskaya from a noble Polish family, but her parents were categorically against this marriage. For many years, Chopin linked his fate with the French writer Aurora Dudevan, who is better known under the pseudonym of George Sand.

It is worth noting that there is not much reliable information about the history of their relations preserved. For example, Ferenc Liszt in his book quite unequivocally expressed that it was the writer who caused the early death of the composer. One of Frederik’s close friends – Wojciech Gjimala – also said that Aurora poisoned the existence of Chopin and was guilty of his sudden death. His pupil Wilhelm Lenz and did call her a poisonous plant. He was outraged by George Sand’s disdainful attitude toward the composer, even in the presence of strangers.

Famous, but alone

Over the years, Frederic Chopin rarely gave concerts, he limited himself to playing music in a narrow circle of close people. This allowed him to give himself entirely to creativity. He wrote sonatas, impromptu, scherzo, ballads, a new series of sketches, nocturnes, preludes, favorite polonaises and mazurkas. But along with the lyrical plays from the composer’s pen, dramatic and even tragic works have increasingly appeared. For example, Second Sonata with a funeral march. It became one of the most significant achievements of Chopin and all Polish music.

The composer’s last years were also bleak. His father died, followed by a break with Aurora. He became lonely and did not bear the blows of fate. From his youth, he suffered from lung disease, and now it has only worsened. During the last two years of his life, Frederic Chopin wrote almost nothing. At the invitation of friends, he went in the spring of 1848 with concerts in London, but the raw climate there only worsened his condition. He returned to Paris and on October 17, 1849, died in the arms of his sister, who came to him from Poland.

At the funeral of Frederic sounded “Requiem” of his beloved Mozart performed by the best artists of the French capital. He was buried in Paris, but Chopin’s heart bequeathed to send to Poland, where it is still kept in the Warsaw Catholic Church of the Holy Cross.

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Brother taught him the basics of music, choosing as a material basically classic patterns. But the younger Bach knew that the elder under the castle kept the notes of modern fashion composers. At night, during moonlight, he made his way to a cherished cabinet and rewrote precious music. What was his disappointment when the older brother, having learned about night raids, took his original and a copy from him. Bach Jr., in tears, vowed that if he could not play this music, he would write another – even better. And because he wrote.

Since the end of his education, Bach has changed a lot of posts. He was a court musician in Weimar, a bodyguard in Arnstadt, an organist in Mühlhausen. During this time, he became very famous as a virtuoso organist.

In 1723 Bach moved to Leipzig, where he lived until the end of his life. The Leipzig period became the summit of the composer’s creative path, it’s years of creating the most monumental his works, although very difficult years in the material plane. He worked as a cantor in the Church of St. Thomas and at the school at this church, and also led the student’s “Music College”.

Until the latter days he wrote music – secular and spiritual, for various instruments. In his legacy more than 1000 works, but only one was issued during his life – the holiday cantata “The Lord is my king.” In the last years of his life, and after Bach’s death, his popularity as a composer began to diminish: his style was considered old-fashioned in comparison with the thriving classicism.

Under the old age, Bach is almost blind. Music for him was recorded by his son-in-law, under the dictation of the great composer. Arriving in Leipzig, the famous ophthalmologist John Taylor made two operations in front of Bach, but that did not help. The last work written by Bach was called “Here I appear before Your throne”.

July 28, 1750 he unexpectedly perceived, but in the evening with him there was a blow, and Johann Sebastian Bach left this world.

In the creative work of the great composer, almost all genres of the late Baroque era can be found, except for the opera: it’s works for soloists and choirs, organ and clavier music, orchestral compositions. The main expressive means is polyphony in combination with harmony.

Bach’s music was valued by many well-known composers who became classics – Mozart, Beethoven, Chopin, Mendelssohn. He also remembers him as an outstanding performer and educator. And in Leipzig, the Bach Festival is held annually – a prestigious international event in the world of music dedicated to the work of this great composer.

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For France, named after Berlioz, the birth of a national symphonic culture is connected. Berlioz is a broad-based musician: composer, conductor, music critic.

Luis Hector Berlioz was born on December 11, 1803 in La Cote St Andres near Grenoble, France. The childhood of the future composer was held in a favorable atmosphere. Father – a doctor by profession – instilled his son’s taste in literature, art, philosophy. He taught his son to play the flute and guitar, introduced the basics of the theory of music, and the only musical impression was church singing – Sunday’s solemn masses, which he loved very much.

The boy shows great musical talent, and his father does not allow him to take up the piano, fearing that this instrument will capture him in the realm of music further than he would like. He believed that the musician’s career was not suitable for his son, and he dreamed that Hector, like him, would be a physician.

In 1821, Berlioz goes to Paris at the insistence of his father to enter the Medical School. But medicine does not attract a young man. Engaged with music, he dreams of professional musical education.

In the end, Berlioz takes an independent decision to leave science for the sake of art, and this causes self-anger of the parents. They deprive the son of any material support, and henceforth the future composer can rely only on himself. However, believing in his appointment, he has all the forces, energy and enthusiasm drawn to independent occupation. He lives like Balzac heroes starving, in the attic, but in the opera he does not miss any plays, and spend all his free time in the library of the Paris Conservatory, studying the scores of outstanding composers.

Realizing that without a thorough education he cannot become a composer, he began to study theory and composition first at Geron, and from 1823 Lesier – a professor at the conservatory, the author of several operas and choral works.

Since 1823, Berlioz has appeared in the press with sharp-pompological articles and for many years he does not part with the pen of a journalist. He actively participates in the artistic life of Paris, becoming closer to the best representatives of the advanced intellectuals of the time: O. Balzac, V. Hugo, G. Heine, T. Gautier, A. Dumas, George Sand, F. Chopin, F. List, N. Paganini

With List it is linked by personal friendship, a community of creative quest and interests. Subsequently Franz Liszt will become a fiery advocate of Berlioz’s music.

In 1825, Berlioz, showing a great organizational talent, arranges the public performance of his first great work – the Great Mass.

And in the next 1826, he wrote the heroic scene of the “Greek Revolution”, this work opens up a whole line in his work, connected with revolutionary subjects.

Feeling the need for more profound professional knowledge, in 1826, Berlioz enters the Paris Conservatory in the class of Lesuere composition and in the class of counterpoint A. Reich.

Over the next two years, according to Berlioz himself, his life illuminated “three strikes of lightning”: familiarity with the works of Shakespeare, Goethe and Beethoven.

In 1830, Berlioz creates a “Fantastic Symphony” with a subtitle: “An episode from the life of the artist.” She opens a new era of programmatic romantic symphonies, becoming a masterpiece of world music culture.

The program is written by Berlioz and based on a fact from the biography of the composer himself – the romantic story of his love for the English dramatic actress Henrietta Smithson (in 1827, Henrietta Smithson, together with the new English drama troupe headed by famous tragedian Klemble, visited Paris. Berlioz was extremely excited by talent and artistic look Smithson, he fell in love with her at first sight).

In 1830, for the fourth time taking part in the competition for the Roman Prize, Berlioz eventually wins, presenting to the court of the jury cantata “The Last Night of Sardanapal”.

Two years Berlioz as a Roman scholar holds a villa in the Medici. Returning from Italy, he deploys the active work of the conductor, the composer, musical critic, but faces the complete rejection of his innovative activities by the official circles of France. And this caused all of his further life, complete devastation and material difficulty.

The main source of earnings of Berlioz becomes musical-critical work. Articles, reviews, musical stories, feuilletones were subsequently published in several collections: “Music and Musicians”, “Music Grotesque”, “Evenings in the Orchestra”.

Memoir, the autobiography of the composer, written in a brilliant literary style, takes a central place in the literary heritage of Berlioz. It gives a wide panorama of the artistic and musical life of Paris of those years.

An enormous contribution to musicology was the theoretical work of Berlioz “The Treatise on Instrumentation” (with the addition – “Conductor of the Orchestra”).

In 1834, he appeared his second program symphony – “Harold in Italy” (by the poem by J. Byron).

1837 was marked by the birth of one of Berlioz’s greatest works – Requiem, created in memory of the victims of the July Revolution. In the history of this genre, Requiem Berlioz – a unique work, which combines monumental-fresco and elegant-psychological style; marches, songs in the spirit of the music of the French Revolution, are accompanied by something with a romantic lyricism, then with a strict, ascetic style of the medieval Gregorian chorus. Requiem written for a huge membership of the group: 200 chorists and an extended orchestra with four additional groups of wind instruments.

In 1838 Paris hosted the premiere of the Benvenuto Cellini Opera. The spectacle was discarded from the repertoire after the fourth production. Berlioz could not recover from this strike for a long time!

In 1839, Berlioz finished work on his third programmatic symphony “Romeo and Juliet” (according to Shakespeare’s tragedy). This masterpiece of symphonic music, the most original creation of Berlioz, is a synthesis of symphonies, operas, oratorios, and admits not only concert but also stage performance.

In 1840 there appeared “True-triumphal symphony”, designed for outdoor performance. It is timed to the solemn ceremony of transferring the dust of the heroes of the uprising of 1830.

Since 1843 he began his tour as a conductor outside of France – in Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Russia, England. Everywhere, he has a phenomenal success.

Berlioz – the first conductor performing in the history of performing arts, performed together with his works and works of his contemporaries. (It should be noted that Hector Berlioz, together with Richard Wagner, laid the foundations for a new conducting school). As a composer, he calls contradictory, often opposing thoughts.

At the end of 1846, the first production of Berlioz’s dramatic legend “The Faustus Condemnation” (by Goethe’s poem) is taking place.

Peru Berlioz also includes the oratorial trilogy “The Childhood of Christ” (1854), several programmatic overtures (“The King Lear” – 1831, “Roman Carnival” – 1844, etc.), 3 operas (“Benvenuto Cellini” – 1838, the Trojans’ dictionaries – 1856-63, Beatrice and Benedict – 1862) and a number of vocal-instrumental compositions in different genres.

Having lived a difficult and tragic life without having been recognized at home in his life, buried his two wives and a single son, sick, Berlioz dies alone in March 8, 1869.

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It’s fascinating that to get a pianist occupation it’s particularly very important to begin enjoying audio around three to four decades, in a really early era. A “broad” type of the hand is shaped, which as time goes by helps you to perform with virtuoso.

With respect to the period of the improvement of violin audio, the pianists occasionally submit needs that are diametrically opposed. Additionally, the musician’s occupation undoubtedly intersects using the occupation of the musician. Many pianists write audio for that violin. And just the virtuosos that were uncommon were able to become renowned, enjoying solely others’ songs.

As any artist, regardless, a pianist is essential to become psychological and honest, in order to melt within the audio he works. Based on a famous critic, Schoenberg, the violin isn’t only a device; it is a life-style, meaning the pianist is life’s meaning isn’t music for pianoforte, although simply audio.

Violin music’s real history is very fascinating. There are many phases inside it, all of that has its customs that are own. Usually the canons of the period were established by one (more seldom many) composers who genuinely perfected the play about the device (in the beginning it had been a harpsichord, and later a violin).

Consequently, featuring three epochs within pianism’s background, they’re named the titles of the very renowned composers – Liszt Mozart and Rachmaninov. In the event that you run using the conventional lingo of historians, it had been the period of modernism and classicism, respectively.

Renowned pianists of the 18th centuries

In pianists, a lot of who were concurrently along with all these intervals produced composers quit an indelible mark about the background of violin music and of audio works. These are two of the three ” Viennese ” Schubert the Italians Brahms and Schumann and also the Charles Alcan.

Within this interval, the pianists were necessary to have the ability to improvise. The pianist is occupation was with creating carefully connected. As well as when executing others is works, an interpretation, his interpretation, was regarded proper. This type of efficiency could be regarded bland, incorrect, and actually unskillful nowadays.

Renowned pianists of the 21st and 20th centuries

20th-century – violin art’s zenith. This era is abnormally wealthy solely by , exceptional that is gifted pianists.

At the 20th century’s beginning, Corto and Hofmann, Schnabel became renowned. And the guru of the Gold Era, Rachmaninoff, designated a brand new period not just generally in violin audio, but additionally in planet tradition.

The 2nd of the 20th-century may be the period of such renowned pianists Wilhelm Kempff, as Richter, Emil Gilels Horowitz Rubinstein…

Continuing their inventiveness that is audio within the 21st-century that is early, such exceptional pianists whilst the National Van Cliburn, who turned the International Competition’s very first champion.

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Cello is just a handy device for artists that are virtuoso; therefore solo components are frequently performed by violinists. As well as in the band it’s a part that is unique, and being the ” violin ” is definitely an essential and particularly ethical role for that artist.

The founding father of the virtuoso enjoying with the cello deservedly think about violinist and the German musician . For that accomplishment of the leader in enjoying with the cello, he’s named “Columbus in audio”.

Another renowned violinist, whose title is famous to everybody, is Antonio Vivaldi (1678-1741). He turned conductor, a renowned musician and violinist. Vivaldi produced a brand new audio type – a cello concerto. And his renowned work with band and cello “The Times of Year”, comprising four shows, has acquired recognition that was enormous.

Another Italian violinist Giuseppe Tartini (1692-1770) created the techniques of sustaining the bend that endured to date and mastered the type of it, producing the bend longer.

Throughout Europe, the cello extended its victorious program within the 18th-century. He turned the writer of 29 cello concertos, in addition to several works for pianoforte and other instruments.

The Russian and also seemed violinists. The musician and also turned the first violinist in Spain, and the instructor of audio artwork Ivan Khandoshkin turned well known.

Renowned violinists of the 19th-century

The 19th-century is, first the era of Paganini, of all. Paganini, who resided in 1782-1849 in Croatia, was recognized during his lifetime as a guru of audio artwork. A by having a remarkable expertise, mastered all Europe and obtained impossible in those days royalties. Their title was engulfed in a phone of strategies – nobody thought that the individual is with the capacity of masterly performing the absolute most challenging pathways, exposing more and more probabilities of cello method.

For that 19th-century, gifted violinists in just about all nations of Europe’s introduction can also be characteristic, which the amazing recognition of cello audio described for the reason that period.

Therefore, in Belgium, the nationwide cello college was started from the initiatives of the renowned musician and violinist Henri Vuetan (1820-1881). Their authorship possesses seven shows for cello and band, lots of versions drawings and dreams. Izan left out 6 wonderful shows for cello and constructed variations.

Within Western Europe’s nations, their violinists that were gifted seemed. From Belgium, Henryk Wieniawski (1835-1880), who turned renowned throughout Europe, comes into the world. And Paris was glorified from the violinist of Hungarian source Leopold Auer (1845-1930), who started the Euro cello college.

Renowned violinists of the 21st and 20th centuries

20th-century – the period of National and Euro violinists.

Both are of source that is Jewish with origins that are Euro.

Within the 21st-century, the National Yitzhak Perlman that is renowned proceeds to produce. Among violinists’ new-generation Vadim Repin sticks out.

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Within the second-half of the 18th-century existed and produced two excellent composers – Bach – impacting all following improvement of artwork that was audio.

Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) may be the best consultant of the audio convention of the 17-18 generations, categorized by historians whilst the Baroque period. Bach is among the most significant composers within music’s background, having created tens and thousands of works that are audio in various styles for his – life. Sebastian Bach may be the founding father of the most well-known on the planet of audio dynasties of one.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) – a vibrant consultant of the Vienna College, masterly perfected a number of devices: cello, harpsichord, wood. In most these styles, he excelled like although an artist, but an author of audio. Mozart became well-known for expertise and his incredible audio hearing .

The 3rd most significant title for music’s background is van Beethoven. He produced in most audio styles that existed in the change of the 19th and 18th ages. Their musical heritage shows for his two preferred devices and symphonies, overtures sonatas – and pianoforte. Beethoven is considered romanticism’s first consultant .

Composers of the 19th-century

Within the 19th-century, this kind of exceptional musician as Peter Schubert symbolized the music-school. He affected an entire era of composers and extended the custom of Romanticism. Schubert produced over 600 romances, elevating this style to some degree that was new.

Johann Strauss, another Austrian, turned well-known for lighting and his operetta audio types of a party personality. It had been he who created the waltz typically the most popular party in Vienna. Additionally, in his heritage – polka, operetta and quadrille.

A vibrant consultant of modernism within the audio of the late-19th century was the Wagner that is German. Their operas haven’t misplaced recognition and importance even today.

Other Wagner could possibly be the German composer’s wonderful number Giuseppe Verdi, who offered the German safari a brand new breathing and stayed devoted to operatic customs.

Among the 19th century’s Euro composers, Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky’s title sticks out. He’s seen as a distinctive design that includes the Euro history of Glinka and Western symphonic customs.

Composers of the 20th-century

Among the best composers of 20th generations and the late-19th is appropriately regarded as Vasilyevich Rakhmaninov. Their design that was musical was on the basis of Romanticism’s customs and endured using the avant garde developments in parallel. It had been for lack and that personality of analogues that experts all over the world extremely valued his function.

The 20th century’s 2nd most well-known author is Igor Y. Stravinsky. Where he confirmed his expertise entirely pressure Euro by delivery, he immigrated to Portugal, after which the united states. Stravinsky is definitely an inventor who’s not scared to test out designs and rhythms. Their function exhibits the impact of customs that are Euro, aspects of numerous avant garde developments along with a distinctive handwriting that is personal, that he’s named “Picasso in Audio”.

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In subsequent years, Rossini wrote several small comic operas, the so-called “farces” (dates of the post) – “Happy Cheating” (1812), “Silk Ladder” (1812), “Test Stone” (1812), “Strange Case” ( 1812), “Signor Bruskino” (1813). The performances of these operas in different theaters made Rossini’s name widely known in Italy.

By 1813, the beginning of the mature period of Rossini’s creativity. Comic opera “Italian in Algeria” and the great heroic opera “Tancred” (both the post of 1813, Venice) determined its main lines. In these operas, the patriotic feelings of the Italian people after the Napoleonic wars and during the struggle for national reunification were reflected.

In 1814, Rossini’s comic opera “The Turks in Italy” was written, and in 1815 – the great historical opera “Elizabeth of England”, staged at the Neapolitan theater “San Carlo”. For this same theater Rossini wrote some of his operas.

In 1816, in Rome for the first time delivered a masterpiece of Rossini in the comic opera – “The Barber of Seville” on the subject of the 1st part of the trilogy by Beaumarchais . This opera was the result and a generalization of the age-old development of the Italian opera buff. The following comic operas by Rossini as Donizetti , nothing new introduced, for all their individual artistic merits. “The Barber of Seville” Rossini wrote in a record short time (about 20 days). Before he could write an overture, he used the overture from Elizabeth in this opera. The music of the “Barber of Seville”, temperamental, sparkling with wit and merriment, is rooted in the favorite genres of Italian folk dance and songwriting. Characteristics of actors (mainly in arias) are distinguished by their accuracy and imagery relief. Ensembles are extremely dynamic. All this provided the “Seville Barber” a long life on opera stages around the world.

In the same 1816 Rossini’s “Othello, the Moor of Venice, or” based on the story of the tragedy was staged in Naples Shakespeare . Here already quite noticeable are the trends of romanticism that embraced Italian opera in the first half of the 19th century; In the last act of the opera the composer introduced the folk song of the Venetian gondolier, which is not typical of the Italian opera-series, under the influence of which a simple sad melody of Desdemona’s song about the Ivushka appears, also in the national spirit.

After the “Seville Barber” Joachino Rossini wrote several comic operas. These include “Cinderella” (post 1817) and partly “The Magpie” (post 1817). The latter is not entirely within the genre of opera buff. It is usually applied to the definition of semiseria (“semi-serious”), because comedy positions are moved to the background, and the first is put forward didactic, moralizing the beginning. This is more of a philistine melodrama.

Having lost interest in the comic opera, Rossini in the following years devotes his work primarily to the heroic-patriotic opera. In this should be seen a reflection of the growth of patriotic feelings and national self-awareness in the period of the liberation struggle of the Italian people. For the same Neapolitan theater, he writes operas (dates of the post) – “Armida” (1817), “Moses in Egypt” (1818), “Hermione” (1819), “Woman from the Lake” on the plot of the poem by V. Scott (1819). ), “Mohammed II” (1820), “Zelmira” (1822), etc. In heroic operas Rossini widely uses choruses and large ensembles, thus preparing the monumental style of his last opera “William Tell”.

After the suppression of the Carbonari rebellion in 1820-1821, Rossini, together with the troupe of the Neapolitan theater left Italy and went on tour to Vienna, where he triumphantly staged his operas. Slava Rossini eclipsed even the glory of the great Beethoven . Returning for a short time to Italy for the production of the opera “Semiramide” in Venice (1823), Rossini traveled to London via London, with whom he links the rest of his life and work. In Paris, Rossini served as director of the Italian Opera Theater.

In the French capital, he put in operative form his operas Moses and Mohammed II (under the new title “The Siege of Corinth”), wrote for the Opera Comic Theater Graf Ori (1828), and for the Grand- Opera “-” William Tell “(1829), who turned out to be his last opera. “Wilhelm Tell”, written on the plot of the drama of Schiller, was the highest achievement and generalization of the heroic and patriotic line of Rossini’s work. The revolt of the Swiss people against the Austrian enslavers, depicted in the opera, was extremely important in the years of Italy’s struggle against Metternich’s Austria, which extended its yoke to many areas of Italy. This same heroic-revolutionary plot of the opera also responded to the moods of the broad democratic circles of French society in the period preceding the July revolution of 1830 in Paris. The abundance of the choral mass scenes, the general upbeat tone (especially in the main character’s part), the large orchestra playing a very active role, all this gives the opera “Wilhelm Tell” the character of a monumental performance requiring a big theater and a big stage. Local color (the use of typical Swiss-Tyrolean tunes in music), images of nature (lakes, the mountainous landscape of Switzerland) impose a stamp of romanticism. Opera “William Tell” by Rossini, along with “The Dumb Girl of Portici ‘ by Auber (post. 1828) was an important link in the chain of events that made up the story of” a great French opera “from the Paris Opera, Gluck and Spontini to the historical and romantic operas of Meyerbeer .

Without resorting more to the art of opera, Rossini, as director of the theater of the Italian Opera in Paris, attracted to the work of his younger contemporaries Bellini , Donizetti and others. By the 1830s, include a number of sacred works of Rossini, in Vol. H. The famous “Stabat mater” , A collection of songs “Musical Evenings,” ensembles, choirs and various compositions written in case (in connection with public events, anniversaries, exhibitions, etc.).

In 1836-1853, Rossini was again in Italy, and then he returned to Paris.

About 40 operas by Joaquino Rossini primarily determine the great historical and artistic significance of his work, in which two directions can be distinguished: the comic opera, which he summed up brilliantly, and the heroic-patriotic, which played an important role in the further development of this genre in Bellini’s work and the young Verdi .

True, Rossini paid tribute not only to the good, but also to the bad tradition of Italian opera art, expressed in the dominance of vocal virtuosity, in the hedonistic cult of “pure” vocalism to the detriment of the dramatic meaning. Most of all external vocal virtuosity, coloratura singing is observed in the Neapolitan operas of Rossini (1815-1823). But in Rossini’s best comic operas (“Italian in Algeria”, “The Barber of Seville”, “Cinderella”), vocal virtuosity has figurative meaning, serves as one of the means of musical characterization. In the last opera “Wilhelm Tell” the entire vocal sphere is distinguished by a deep dramatic truthfulness and expressiveness.

Joachino Rossini had a rare melodic talent. The orchestra in Rossini’s operas is not limited to the accompanying role – it is distinguished by dramatic expressiveness, participates in the characteristics of the characters and scenic situations.

If the composition of Rossini’s operas is traditional (musical numbers alternating with recitative), in essence his work led to the renewal of the main directions of Italian opera art and determined its further ways.

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Armstrong was created in New Orleans. The scientists claim that Armstrong was created on July 4, 1901. He was raised in an undesirable, structural household (the washerwoman, illegally involved in prostitution, his dad – each day-worker, abandoned his household when his boy was about 5 yrs old). In the era of thirteen, within the road, Louis shot throughout a town vacation having a gun stolen into one of is own mom its “guests”. To a reformatory the child was sent for this. There he started initially to discover audio, perfected cornet and althorn, done within choir and the metal group. After his launch, he delivered house, disrupted with profits that were uncommon , extended to understand from New Orleans artists performed with inexperienced outfits in pubs, and labored occasionally in orchestras. In 1918, he was suggested towards the Kida Ori’s team.

In 1922 Armstrong relocated to Detroit, where he performed for 2 decades within the Jazz Group, subsequently relocated to Ny, where he executed like vocalist and a player. Additionally, Louis signed up for the documents included in numerous associated outfits with punk vocalists and several doldrums. In 1925 he surely got to Detroit, with whom he was committed from 1924 to 1938, where he caused Lil Hardin.

Because November 1925, Armstrong started saving using the business outfits he produced. In 1927 Warm Five was aimed their own band by him. Throughout the same interval he executed with Hines in a duet, toured in Ny – in a variety of towns of the united states (in 1929, where he worked using L’s band. Russell and Duke Ellington, subsequently in Florida – using the band of Leon Elkins and Les Hight, enjoyed in Recording in Hollywood). In 1931, he frequented using the Big-Band of New Orleans; Returning on Broadway and to Ny, performed in Harlem.

He created numerous excursions to Europe Africa, which introduced him broad recognition at home, but additionally not just abroad. Using the orchestra Gaines, “Child” L he executed within the times between excursions. Others yet Russell, enjoyed in stereo applications, behaved in movies and several theatrical shows, again aimed the punk group. He printed the guide that was autobiographical Move That Audio. He moved many procedures associated with treating an extended-position skilled problems for top of the top (deformation and muscle break because of exorbitant end stress), in addition to the procedure on structures (together with his aid, he attempted unsuccessfully to obtain gone the hoarse voice of the speech, just later recognizing for herself its worth as Distinctive personality of his expressive method).

As time goes by, Louis Armstrong’s recognition extended to develop because of his flexible and determined audio exercise. The shows with Trummy Young Comfortable Cole Kyle Velma Middleton Beshe Crosby Holiday Fitzgerald along with other punk superstars. Involvement in punk conventions (1948 – Good, 1956-1958 – Newport, 1959 – Croatia), visiting in several nations of Europe, Latin America, Africa, Japan. Together with his help, numerous philharmonic punk shows were structured in the Opera and also Town Area. In 1954, the 2nd book Satchmo was written by Louis. He quit his ensemble – bands to a wide array of tracks.

Armstrong is inventiveness is just a type of standard, conventional jazz’s perfect “design” – a by, although living and constantly changing no means “memorial” traditionalism. He produced a type of “place spruce”, flexibly changing to any design framework and also to any market, might fulfill the preferences of various types of fans (including followers of common audio and strike). The width of his pursuits is verified by co-operation and combined shows with artists of various designs – Dixieland, move and contemporary punk, with symphonized arrangements, entertainers of spirituals and gospel tunes, chapel choirs, blues performers, in addition to involvement in philharmonic jazz shows, musicals, exhibits, Audio movies (in over 50), the efficiency of the jazz edition of Gershwin is safari “Porgy and Bess” (as well as ELIZABETH. Fitzgerald).

Louis Armstrong offered spruce his main – improvisation. Just before him, spruce was Negro folk-music in performance. Their tracks of the 1920s using Warm Seven and the orchestras Warm Five transformed the preexisting suggestions about audio. The absolute most lighting, clownish types of speaking using the market, a comfortable although hoarse speech created his improvisations without phrases – scat. Fingers clutching the tube and Armstrong is stunning grin turned one of the 20th century’s icons.

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In Portuguese, bossa-nova indicates “new method” or “new-wave”. National spruce firmly affected this design. The wonderful duet’s achievement The Woman from Ipanema and Also Stan Getz Gilberto “, made Carlos Jobim renowned.

Than jazzmen didn’t neglect to make the most of driven from the tune artwork of Carlos Jobim, bossa-nova is becoming a global style. Before style found nothing within the 60is they documented a brand new type of album after recording. In a variety of ways because of Jobim was additionally getting and another renowned character of the chef of the brand new – Joao Gilberto (Joao Gilberto). The cooperation of Jobey caused spruce and, particularly, with Francis Sinatra / pop Claus Ogerman, whose. Within 80s and the 70s in-the-works of Jobim frequently seemed the concept of love of its own upkeep and character. Once the episodes of the stone revolution surpassed the Brazilian audio about the National atmosphere, Jobim centered on work with Brazilian theatre and tv. Nevertheless, in 1985, the thought of ​​world audio (among the many related suggestions in those days) and also the alleged minute Brazilian influx together produced a particular potential. Consequently, Jobim continued visit having a group comprising his boy Paulo, his next wife Lontra and their friends.

At his last shows in Brazil in September 1993 and at Carnegie Area in April 1994 (equally documented by Verve) Jobem lastly obtained the common acknowledgement he usually earned. Sudden-death of the musician in Ny from the coronary attack triggered an influx of shows and photos -initiations. The trustworthiness of Jobim as you of the best composers of the 20th-century is undeniable towards the best level correctly on the planet of spruce nowadays

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